封面 书名页 版权页 本书编写人员名单 二版前言 一版前言 目录页 UNIT 1 An Overview Of Packaging Lesson 1 A Historical Perspective On Packaging 1 What Is Packaging? 2 Primitive Packaging 3 From Rome To The Renaissance 4 The Industrial Revolution 5 The Evolution Of New Packaging Roles 6 Packaging In The 20th Century 7 Modern Packaging 7.1 Changing Needs and New Roles 7.2 Packaging and the Modern Industrial Society 7.3 World Packaging 8 Waste Management And Environmental Issues 9 The Modern Packaging Industry Lesson 2 Basic Functions of Packaging 1 Introduction 2 The Containment Function 3 The Protection/Preservation Function 4 Food Preservation 4.1 The Nature of Food 4.2 Meat products 4.3 Fish 4.4 Produce 4.5 Barrier Packaging 4.6 Microorganisms 5 The Transport Function 6 The Information/Sales Function UNIT 2 Packaging Materials And Containers Lesson 3 Paper and Paperboard 1 Introduction 2 Representative Papermaking Machines 2.1 Fourdrinier machines 2.2 Cylinder Machines 2.3 Twin-Wire Machines 3 Machine Direction And Cross Direction 4 Surface Or Dry-End, Treatments And Coatings 5 Paper Chracterization 5.1 Caliper and Weight 5.2 Brightness 5.3 Paper and Moisture Content 5.4 Viscoelasticity 6 Paper Types 6.1 Newsprint and Related Grades 6.2 Book Papers 6.3 Commercial Papers 6.4 Greaseproof Papers 6.5 Natural Kraft Paper 6.6 Bleached Krafts and Sulfites 6.7 Tissue Paper 6.8 Label Paper 6.9 Pouch Papers 6.10 Containerboards (linerboard and medium) 7 Paperboard Grades 7.1 Chipboard, Cardboard, Newsboard 7.2 Bending Chipboard 7.3 Lined Chipboard 7.4 Single White-Lined (SWL) Paperboard 7.5 Clay-Coated Newsback (CCNB) 7.6 Double White-Lined (DWL) Paperboard 7.7 Solid Bleached Sulfate (SBS) 7.8 Food Board 7.9 Solid Unbleached Sulfate (SUS) Lesson 4 Corrugated Fiberboard Boxes 1 Historical Perspective 2 Corrugated Board 2.1 Construction 2.2 Flutes 2.3 Fiberboard Grades 2.4 Corrugating Adhesives 2.5 Board Manufacture 3 Fiberboard Characterization Tests 3.1 Mullen Burst Test (TAPPI T 810) 3.2 Edgewise Compression Test (TAPPI T 811) 3.3 Flat Crush Test (TAPPI T 808) . 3.4 Combined Weight of Facings 3.5 Thickness of Corrugated Board (TAPPI T 411) 3.6 Gurley Porosity (TAPPI T 460 and T 536) 3.7 Flexural Stiffness (TAPPI T 820) 3.8 Water Take-up Tests (TAPPI T 441) 3.9 Puncture Test (TAPPI T 803) 3.10 Pin Adhesion (TAPPI T 821) 3.11 Ply Separation (TAPPI T 812) 3.12 Coefficient of Friction (TAPPI T 815 and ASTM04521) 4 Corrugated Boxes 4.1 Selecting the Correct Flute 4.2 Box Styles 4.3 Manufacturer's joint 4.4 Dimensioning 5 Carrier Rules 5.1 Application 5.2 Summary of Rules for Corrugated Box Construction Lesson 5 Metal Containers 1 Background 2 Common Metal Container Shapes 3 Three-Piece Steel Cans 4 Two-Piece Cans 4.1 Draw Processes 4.2 Draw-and-Redraw Process 4.3 Draw-and-Iron Process 5 Impact Extrusion 6 Aerosols 6.1 Aerosol Propellants 6.2 Other Pressurized Dispensers Lesson 6 Glass Containers 1 Glass Types And General Properties 2 Bottle Manufacture 2.1 Blowing the Bottle or Jar 2.2 Annealing 2.3 Surface Coatings 2.4 Inspection and Packing 3 Bottle Design Features 3.1 Bottle Parts and Shapes 3.2 Finish and Closures 3.3 Neck and Shoulder Areas 3.4 Sides 3.5 Heel and Base 3.6 Stability and Machinability 3.7 Vials and Ampoules 3.8 Carbonated Beverages Lesson 7 Plastics in Packaging 1 Introduction To Plastics 2 Thermoplastic And Thermoset Polymers 3 Shaping Plastics 4 Plasticating Extruders 5 Extrusion 5.1 Profile Extrusion 5.2 Sheet and Film Extrusion 5.3 Blown-Film Extrusion 5.4 Orientation 5.5 Co-Extrusion 6 Injection Molding 6.1 Injection Molding Machines 6.2 Co-injection Molding 7 Extrsion Blow Molding 8 Injection Blow Molding 9 Thermoforming 9.1 Principle and Applications 9.2 Thermoforming Methods 9.3 Billow forming 10 Other Forming Methods 10.1 Pressblowing 10.2 Rotational Molding 10.3 Compression Molding 10.4 Blow-Fill-Seal Molding 11 Recognizing Molding Methods Lesson 8 Flexible Packaging Laminates 1 Laminates 2 Aluminum Foil 2.1 Chemical Characteristics 2.2 Aluminum Foil in Flexible Packaging 2.3 Foil Coatings 3 Vacuum Metallizing 3.1 The Metallizing Process 3.2 Vacuum-Metallizing Paper 3.3 Vacuum-Metallizing Films 4 Other Inorganic Coating 4.1 Silicone oxides 4.2 Carbon coatings 4.3 Nanocomposites 5 Laminate Structural And Physical Properties 5.1 Coefficient of Friction 5.2 Body and Dead-Fold Properties 5.3 Tear Properties 5.4 Thermoformability 5.5 Use Environments 6 Flaxible Bags, Pouches And Sachets 7 Sealability 8 Barrier Properties 9 Laminating Processes 9.1 Bonding Methods 9.2 Laminating Machines 9.3 Coating Stations 10 Specifying Laminates Lesson 9 Closures 1 Selection Considerations 2 Tamper Evident Closures 3 Tamper Evident Systems 4 Child-Resistant Closures UNIT 3 Packaging Dynamics and Distribution Packaging Lesson 10 Shock, Vibration, and Compression 1 Shock 1.1 Shock Resulting from Drops 1.2 Shock During Rail Transport 1.3 Other Shock Conditions 1.4 Quantifying Shock Fragility 1.5 Cushioning Against Shock 2 Vibration 2.1 Vibration Damage Due to Relative Motion 2.2 Vibration Resonance 2.3 Stack Resonance 2.4 Isolating Vibration 3 Compression 3.1 Static and Dynamic Compression 3.2 Compression Strength and Warehouse Stack Duration 3.3 Compression Strength and Humidity 3.4 Other Factors Influencing Box Stack Strength 3.5 Contents' Effect on Compression Strength 3.6 Plastic Bottle Stacking Factors 3.7 Stacking and Compression 3.8 Distribution Environment and Container Performance 3.9 Estimating Required Compression Strength Lesson 11 Mechanical Shock 1 Introduction 2 The Freely Falling Package 3 Mechanial Shock Theory 4 Shock Duration 5 Shock Amplification And The Critical Element 6 Horizontal Impacts Lesson 12 Lansmont Six Step Method 1 Step 1 Define The Environment 1.1 Shock Environment 1.2 Vibration Environment 2 Step 2 Product Fragility Analysis 2.1 Shock: Damage Boundary 2.2 Vibration: Resonance Search & Dwell 3 Step 3 Product Improvement Feedback 4 Step 4 Cushion Material Performance Evaluation 4.1 Shock Cushion Performance 4.2 Vibration Cushion Performance 5 Step 5 Package Design 5.1 Shock: Package Design 5.2 Vibration: Package Design 5.3 Package Design Considerations 6 Step 6 Test The Product/package System 6.1 Shock: Package Testing 6.2 Vibration: Package Testing Lesson 13 Distribution Packaging 1 Short History Of Distribution Packaging In The USA 2 Functions And Goals Of Distribution Packaging 2.1 Containment 2.2 Protection 2.3 Performance 2.4 Communication 2.5 Product Protection 2.6 Ease of Handling and Storage 2.7 Shipping Effectiveness 2.8 Manufacturing Efficiency 2.9 Ease of Identification 2.10 Customer Needs 2.11 Environmental Responsibility 3 The Cost Of Packaging 4 The Package Design Process 5 Taking A Total System Approach To Package Design 6 The Protective Package Concept 7 The 10-Step Process Of Distribution Packaging Design 7.1 Identify the Physical Characteristics of the Product 7.2 Determine Marketing and Distribution Requirements 7.3 Learn About the Environmental Hazards Your Packages will Encounter 7.4 Consider Packaging and Unitizing Alternatives 7.5 Design the Distribution Package 7.6 Determine Quality of Protection Through Performance-Testing 7.7 Redesign Package (and Unit Load) Until It Successfully Passes All Tests 7.8 Redesign the Product if Indicated and Feasible 7.9 Develop the Packaging Methods 7.10 Document All Work 8 A Final Check 9 The Warehouse 10 Unit Loads 10.1 Pallets 10.2 Unit Load Efficiency 10.3 Stabilizing Unit Loads Lesson 14 Test Method for Product Fragility 1 Shock: Damage Boundary 1.1 Conducting A Fragility Test 2 Vibration: Resonance Search & Dwell Lesson 15 Stress-Energy Method for Determining Cushion Curves 1 Current Practice 2 Something New 3 Stress-Energy Method 4 Procedure To Find The Stress-Energy Equation 5 Using The Stress-Energy Equation To Generate Cushion Curves 6 Test Procedure 7 Conclusion UNIT 4 Packaging Technology and Machinery Lesson 16 Liquid Filling 1 Introduction 2 Type Of Filling Machine 3 Use Of Filling Machines 4 Rotary And Straigh-t Line Fillers 5 Liquid Volumetric Filling 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Piston Volumetric Filling 5.3 Diaphragm Volumetric Filling 5.4 Timed Flow Volumetric Filling 5.5 Rotating Metering Discs 5.6 Rotary Pumps 5.7 Augers 6 Liquid Constant Level Filling 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Pure Gravity Filling 6.3 Pure Vacuum Filling 6.4 Gravity Vacuum Filling 6.5 Pure Pressure Filling 6.6 Level Sensing Filling 6.7 Pressure Gravity Filling Lesson 17 Dry Product Filling 1 Introduction 2 Type Of Dry Products 3 Type Of Dry Filling Operations 4 Product Delivery 5 Dry Volumetric Filling 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Cup or Flask Fillers 5.3 Flooding or Constant Stream Fillers 5.4 Auger Fillers 5.5 Vacuum Fillers 6 Dry Filling By Weight 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Net Weight Filling 6.3 Gross Weight Filling 6.4 Types of Scales 7 Filling By Count 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Board or Disc Counters 7.3 Slat Counters 7.4 Column Counters 7.5 Electronic Counters 7.6 Maintenance Lesson 18 Applied Packaging (I) 1 Carded Display Packages 2 Blister Packages Lesson 19 Applied Packaging (II) 1 Carded Skin Packaging 2 Pharmaceutical Packaging 2.1 Drug Properties 2.2 Packaging Emphases 2.3 Regulations 2.4 Manufacturing Practice UNIT 5 Packaging Development Lesson 20 Packaging Development Process 1 Managing The Packaging Project 2 Project Scope 3 The Package Development Process 3.1 An Overview of the Package Development Process 3.2 Generating Ideas 3.3 The Package Design Brief 3.4 The Development Timetable 3.5 Development and Testing of Alternatives 4 Specifications Glossary Resources ..更多